2012학년도 경찰대학 1차시험 (외국어영역)

※ 총 10쪽 50문항입니다. 각 문항의 답을 하나만 고르시오.

10 -

※[1-6] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 밑줄 친 단어의 뜻으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

1. For years, concerns about the health effects of cellphones have been largely dismissed because the radio frequency waves emitted from the devices are believed to be benign. Cellphones emit non-ionizing radiation, waves of energy that are too weak to break chemical bonds or to set off the DNA damage known to cause cancers.

① harmless           ② vibrating           ③ potent

④ transmitting        ⑤ cancerous

2. The Gods had condemned Sisyphus to ceaselessly rolling a rock to the top of a mountain, whence the stone would fall back of its own weight. They had thought with some reason that there is no more dreadful punishment than futile and hopeless labor.

① repetitive	② fruitless	③ detestable

④ toilsome	⑤ disciplinary

3. Artists past and present understand that manual facility is inextricably bound to observational prowess, and vice versa. In fact, many believe that what the hand cannot draw, the eye cannot see.

① unduly	② inescapably      ③ undeservedly

④ incompetently	⑤ incomprehensively

4. The government is working on a plan for a limited form of mandatory identification. Under a law being prepared, identification would have to be carried in certain situations, such as when applying for a job.

① portable	② impeccable         ③ makeshift

④ simplified          ⑤ obligatory

5. There are no potholes in the streets of Tucson, Arizona, just "pavement deficiencies." There are no more poor people, just "fiscal underachievers." There was no robbery of an automatic teller machine, just an "unauthorized withdrawal." And the doublespeak goes on. Doublespeak is language that makes the negative appear positive, the unpleasant appear attractive or at least tolerable.

① financial             ② actual            ③ academic

④ physical             ⑤ modest

6. Smells can lift our spirits, calm us, and maybe even help us lose weight. Some odors can repulse us, too, and for good reason: They can tell us that gas is leaking, the milk is sour or the meat is spoiled.

① attract               ② invigorate        ③ repel

④ replenish            ⑤ rebuke

※[7-11] 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

7. One of the most peculiar public health hazards--epidemic fainting at pop-music concerts--is a phenomenon familiar to ①legions of adolescents. Their parents may ②be less aware of the threat, which has barely engaged the attention of modern science despite decades of documentation that many a fan ③are prone to unconsciousness. ④Concerned that the mechanism of mass fainting had been neglected in the medical literature, two German physicians recently braved a concert by New Kids on the Block and worked with first-aid staff at a Red Cross infirmary where ⑤the stricken were treated. According to the doctors' report in the Thursday issue of The New England Journal of Medicine, some 400 concertgoers fainted, all of them girls aged 11 to 17.

8. Families are the people ①whom it matters if you have a cold, are feuding with your mate or training a new puppy. Family members use magnets ②to fasten the newspaper clipping about your bowling team on the refrigerator door. They save your drawings and homemade pottery. They like to hear stories ③about when you were young. They’ll help you can tomatoes or change the oil in your car. They’re the people who will come and visit you in the hospital, will talk to you when you call with a “dark night of the soul” and will ④loan you money to pay the rent if you lose your job. ⑤Whether or not they are biologically related to each other, the people who do these things are family.

9. When the mammals ①evolved out of the reptiles, their brains began to change. First, they developed a new package of instincts, related to the reptilian instincts for sex and procreation, but ②modifying for the special needs of a mammalian lifestyle. Chief among these was the instinct for parental care of the young. Here was ③a revolutionary advance over the behavior of reptile parents,  for whom ④the newly hatched young provided a tasty snack if they could catch them. But the reptile young were prepared to fight for their lives; they came into the world with all the needed programs of action ⑤wired into their brain. These hatchlings were miniature adults from the moment of birth. On the other hand, the young mammals arrived in a helpless and vulnerable state, and parental affection was essential for their survival. That is why mammals developed the new instincts for parental care.

10. Still no one knows who he was. But scientists are now certain of one thing about the naturally mummified Alpine Iceman, ①whom hikers discovered in September 1991 in the melting ice on the Austrian-Italian border at an elevation of 10,530 feet. In the first genetic analysis of the body, they determined that he was European born and bred, closely ②related to modern northern and alpine Europeans. Scientists said this finding should lay to rest lingering suspicions of a hoax. An international research team, writing in the journal Science, said the genetic findings made the possibility of fraud ③highly unlikely. Among the most recent results of their research ④is a descriptive inventory of alpine fashions in those remote times. Scientists may not be able to account for the man's presence on the mountain crest, but they know ⑤that he was wearing, down to his underwear.

11. Grandmother and I lived beside the plaza in a one-room house. It was composed of a traditional fireplace, a makeshift cabinet, and a wooden crate that held our two buckets of all-purpose water. At the far end of the room ①were two rolls of bedding we used as comfortable sitting "couches." ②Consisted of thick quilts, sheepskin, and assorted blankets, these bed rolls were undone each night. A wooden pole, the length of one side of the room, ③was suspended about 10 inches from the ceiling beams. A dresser, which was traded for some of grandmother's pottery, held the few articles of clothing we owned. Grandmother always had a flour sack filled with candy and store-bought cookies. ④Tucked securely in my blankets, I listened to one of her stories or accounts of how it was when she was a little girl. These accounts ⑤seemed so old-fashioned compared to the way we lived.

12. 밑줄 친 it이 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Closely related to the societal customs of touching are those of spatial relationships. Anthropologists tell us that each of us walks around inside "bubbles of personal space." The size of the bubble represents our personal territory, territorial imperatives, or "personal buffer zones." We neither like nor tolerate it when someone invades our bubbles. We become distinctly uncomfortable. But as we travel to different places around the world, we learn that some cultural bubbles are larger or smaller than others.

ⓛ feeling uncomfortable  ② walking inside the bubble

③ the size of the bubble    ④ someone's invasion of our bubbles

⑤ our personal territory

13. 밑줄 친 this가 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

People often show this--even when doing so means contradicting their own perceptions of the world. A major reason for this is to gain the approval or avoid the disapproval of other people. We often want others to accept us, like us, and treat us well. In growing up, people often learn that one way to get along with a group is to go along with group standards. In deciding how to dress for the senior prom, we may try to wear the right clothes so that we will fit in, give a good impression, and avoid disapproval. We may not really like wearing formal clothes, but do it anyway because it's socially appropriate for the occasion. When we're with our weight-conscious friends, we may eat salads and health foods even though we don't especially like them; when we're alone, we're more likely to follow our personal preferences by eating hamburgers and fries. In such situations, this leads to an outward change in public behavior, but not necessarily to a change in the individual's private opinions.

① authority           ② conformity       ③ obstinacy

④ independence       ⑤ dominance

※[14-18] 다음 글을 읽고, 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

14. Most men think of themselves as average-looking. Being average does not bother them; average is fine, for men. This is why men never ask anybody how they look. Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, which is essentially the same form of beauty care that they give to their lawns. Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to express, in three words, what I believe most women think about their appearance, those words would be: "not good enough." No matter how attractive a woman may appear to be to others, when she looks at herself in the mirror, she thinks: woof. Why do women have such __________? There are many complex psychological and societal reasons, by which I mean Barbie. Girls grow up playing with a doll proportioned such that, if it were human, it would be seven feet tall and weigh 81 pounds.

① low self-esteem      ② femininity       ③ high pride

④ reflection            ⑤ appearance

15. If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather __________ attitude toward science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it has no clear understanding of science.

① ambivalent	② hostile         ③ sympathetic

④ amphibious        ⑤ amorphous

16. My father vehemently opposed my decision to work part-time during the school year at a local grocery store. He wanted me to stop pushing myself and to save work for later life. I agreed with him that quitting my job would have obvious advantages, but I also knew that there were other advantages to working that _______________. For example, I enjoy the independence that comes with having my own income, small as it is. His lack of approval has made me angry, but I have listened to his objections, and we have again been able to reach a compromise. I have agreed to quit work at the first sign that I am pushing myself too hard or that my schoolwork is suffering. As a result, both his anger and mine have been effectively dissolved.

① interfered with my independence

② significantly contributed to my schoolwork

③ initially consolidated our relationship

④ eventually opposed my views

⑤ outweighed the disadvantages

17. The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) challenges traditional ideas about intelligence. It also questions the value of intelligence tests. MI researchers point out that traditional teaching and testing focus only on two of the seven kinds of intelligences that people possess--language and logic skills. So children who don't learn in a style that depends on language and logic are called inadequate. However, according to Thomas Armstrong, author of Seven Kinds of Smart, the children are fine but the teaching methods are inadequate. "In traditional education, we try to get students to learn in our way. On the contrary, we need to remake the way we teach so that _______________," he explains. "We need to recognize that different children learn in different ways and that all ways of learning are okay. Then we will really be in the business of education," he adds.

① it can fit students

② they can answer questions better

③ we can choose our own teaching methods

④ they can develop language and logic skills

⑤ learning theories can contribute to education

18. To begin with, it was not the hapless victims of the Nazis who named their incomprehensible and totally unmasterable fate the "holocaust." It was the Americans who applied this artificial and highly technical term to the Nazi extermination of the European Jews. But while the event when named as mass murder most foul evokes the most immediate, most powerful revulsion, when it is designated by a rare technical term, we must first in our minds translate it back into emotionally meaningful language. Using technical or specially created terms instead of words from our common vocabulary is one of the best-known and most widely used distancing devices, ____________________. Talking about the "holocaust" permits us to manage it intellectually where the raw facts, when given their ordinary names, would overwhelm us emotionally--because it was catastrophe beyond comprehension, beyond the limits of our imagination.

① separating the technical from the intellectual terms

② separating the technical from the incomprehensible terms

③ separating the common from the comprehensible terms

④ separating the ordinary from the intellectual experience

⑤ separating the intellectual from the emotional experience

※[19-22] 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

19. Because reading demands complex mental manipulations, a reader is required to concentrate far more than a television viewer. An audio expert notes that "with the electronic media it is openness that counts. Openness permits auditory and visual stimuli more direct access to the brain." It may be that a predisposition toward (A)_________, acquired, perhaps, through one's reading experience, makes one an inadequate television watcher. But it seems far more likely that the reverse situation obtains: that a predisposition toward (B)__________, acquired through years and years of television viewing, has influenced adversely viewers' ability to concentrate, to read, to write clearly.

(A)	(B)

① concentration	involvement

② concentration	openness

③ manipulation	involvement

④ manipulation	closeness

⑤ stimulation	openness

20. Many people, both teens and adults, think that multitasking is the best way to accomplish a lot in a small amount of time. But scientific evidence says this isn't true. "When people try to perform two or more related tasks, either at the same time or quickly switching back and forth between them, they do a worse job on both of them," says David E. Meyer, director of the Brain, Cognition, and Action Laboratory at the University of Michigan. "They make more errors and it takes them much longer than if they worked on the tasks (A)______________." He says it can take up to 400 percent longer to do a homework assignment if you're trying to do something else at the same time. Why is this? The human brain is simply not wired to process more than one complex task at a time. What your brain does instead is (B)___________ tasks. So if you're listening to music and reading a book, your brain will concentrate on the music, and when that's finished, it will focus on taking in the information from the book. "But it takes a lot of mental energy for your brain to keep reorienting itself back to each task," Meyer says. The result is that neither task is done efficiently.

(A)                      (B)

ⓛ simultaneously	prioritize

② sequentially	prioritize

③ sequentially	perform

④ randomly	alienate

⑤ randomly	perform

21. Television's contribution to family life has been an equivocal one. For while it has, indeed, kept the members of the family from (A)__________, it has not served to bring them together. By its domination of the time families spend together, it destroys the special quality that distinguishes one family from another, a quality that depends to a great extent on what a family does, what special rituals, game, recurrent jokes, familiar songs, and shared activities it accumulates. Yet parents have accepted a television-dominated family life so completely that they cannot see how the medium is involved in whatever problems they might be having. Even when families make efforts to control television, too often its very presence (B)__________ the positive features of family life.

(A)                       (B)

①  gathering                  maintains

②  gathering                  counterbalances

③  dispersing	enhances

④  dispersing	counterbalances

⑤  wavering	enhances

22. The nineteenth-century American philosopher Henry David Thoreau was famous for saying, "Simplify, simplify." Unfortunately, the trend these days seems to be "complicate, complicate" instead. Many people are working longer hours, spending more money, and getting in more debt than ever before. They are also relaxing less and spending less time with family and friends. (A)_______________, there is also a trend toward voluntary simplicity. People in the voluntary simplicity movement take various steps to make their lives both simpler and more enjoyable. Some people work fewer hours each week. Others plant a vegetable garden; this gives them fresh air, exercise, and time with their families--not to mention organic produce. Still others try to buy less; they stop buying unnecessary items. (B)_______________, the priority for people in the voluntary movement is to follow Thoreau's suggestion: simplify.

(A)                         (B)

① Furthermore                Besides

② Furthermore                In short

③ Therefore	Besides

④ However                   Similarly

⑤ However	In short

※[23-25] (A),(B),(C)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

23. If ignorance about the nature of pain is widespread, ignorance about the way pain-killing drugs work is even more so. What is not generally understood is that many of the vaunted pain-killing drugs (A)conceal/reveal the pain without correcting the underlying condition. They (B)awaken/deaden the mechanism in the body that alerts the brain to the fact that something may be wrong. The body can pay a high price for (C)suppression/release of pain without regard to its basic cause.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① conceal	awaken	suppression

② reveal	deaden	release

③ conceal	awaken	release

④ reveal	awaken	release

⑤ conceal	deaden	suppression

24. How do geniuses come up with ideas? What links the thinking style that produced Mona Lisa with the one that (A)spawned/followed the theory of relativity? What can we learn from the thinking strategies of the Galileos, Edisons, and Mozarts of history? For years, scholars tried to study genius by analyzing statistics. In 1904, Havelock Ellis noted that most geniuses were fathered by men older than 30, had mothers younger than 25, and usually were sickly children. However, other researchers reported that many were celibate (Descartes), fatherless (Dickens), or motherless (Darwin). In the end, the data illuminated (B)something/nothing. Academics also tried to measure the links between intelligence and genius. But they found that run-of-the-mill* physicists had IQs much higher than Nobel Prize winner and extraordinary genius Richard Feynman, whose IQ was a merely (C)respectable/respectful 122. Genius is not about mastering 14 languages at the age of seven or being especially smart. Creativity is not the same as intelligence.

*run-of-the-mill: 평범한

(A)                (B)                (C)

① spawned          something         respectful

② spawned          nothing            respectable

③ spawned          nothing            respectful

④ followed          something         respectable

⑤ followed          nothing            respectful

25. Scientists are beginning to uncover evidence that meditation has a (A)negligible/tangible effect on the brain. Skeptics argue that it is not a practical way to try to deal with the stresses of modern life. But the long years when adherents were unable to point to hard science to support their belief in the technique may finally be coming to an end. When Carol Cattley's husband died, it (B)tackled/triggered a relapse of the depression which had not plagued her since she was a teenager. Carol sought medical help and managed to control her depression with a combination of medication and a psychological treatment called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which primarily consists of meditation. One of the (C)opponents/pioneers of CBT, Professor Mark Williams from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oxford, describes CBT as 80% meditation and 20% cognitive therapy.

(A)                  (B)                 (C)

① negligible	tackled	pioneers

② negligible	triggered	opponents

③ negligible	triggered	pioneers

④ tangible	triggered	pioneers

⑤ tangible	tackled	opponents

26. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Experts disagree about how serious our population and environmental problems are and what we should do about them. Some suggest that ①human ingenuity and technological advances will allow us to clean up pollution to acceptable levels and find substitutes for any scarce resources. They are called technological optimists, who argue that technological innovations can preserve the earth's natural resources. Many leading ②environmental scientists disagree. They appreciate and applaud the significant environmental and social progress that we have made, but they also cite evidence that we are ③upgrading the earth's life-support systems in many parts of the world at an exponentially accelerating rate. They call for much more action to protect ④the natural capital that supports our economies and all life. They are called environmental pessimists, who argue that our environmental situations are getting worse and global economy is ⑤outgrowing the capacity of the earth to support it.

27. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

The enormous outpouring of concern over juvenile delinquency in the 50's presented the movie industry with dangerous but lucrative possibilities. An aroused public of parents, youth-serving agencies, teachers, adolescents, and law enforcers constituted a huge potential audience for delinquency films at a time when general audiences for all films had declined. Yet this was a perilous subject to exploit, for public pressure on the film industry to set a wholesome example for youth remained unremitting. Moreover the accusation that mass culture caused delinquency was the focus of much contemporary attention. If the film industry approached the issue of delinquency, it had to proceed cautiously. It could not present delinquency favorably; hence all stories would have to be set in the moral firmament of the movie Code. Yet to be successful, films had to evoke sympathy from young people who were increasingly intrigued by the growing youth culture of which delinquency seemed to be one variant.

ⓛ the filming environments in the 50's

② challenges for the juvenile delinquency films in the 50's

③ the moral principles of juvenile delinquency films in the 50's

④ the rise and demise of juvenile delinquency films in the 50's

⑤ juvenile delinquency films as a lucrative business in the 50's

28. 밑줄 친 "demon"이 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In late October, I began rehearsal for a play. The rehearsal schedule was not rigorous at first, and did not rule my life. But it was there and the demon assured me I had nothing to worry about. I was persuaded because the January deadline was still a long way off. It was not long into rehearsal when the other, smaller deadlines began to creep up and rear their ugly heads, and paper after paper after test struck me unmercifully. It was almost Christmas and the responsibilities of shopping allied themselves with my academic obligations and thrashed me mercilessly while the demon chuckled, knowing that the real deadline would be painful to meet. I began the ordeal that would increase my misery daily until when the real deadline was met. I cursed the demon, loudly at first. However, I think I learned from this experience that all I need to do is seize the deadline in the distance and never shall the demon haunt me again.

① competitiveness	② obsession      ③ procrastination

④ agitation	⑤ fastidiousness

29. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 나타낼 때, 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

If the language of literary work is quite straightforward and simple, this may be helpful but is not in itself the most crucial yardstick in choosing literary works for foreign language learning. Interest, appeal, and relevance are all more important. In order for us to justify the additional time and effort which will undoubtedly be needed for readers to come to grips with a work of literature in a language not their own, there must be some special incentives involved: enjoyment, suspense, and a fresh insight into issues which are felt to be close to the heart of people's concerns. All these are incentives which can lead readers to overcome enthusiastically the linguistic obstacles that might be considered too great in less involving material.

⇓

The crucial factor in choosing literary works for foreign language learning is not just the level of language but whether the works ________________________.

① help the readers learn to overcome linguistic obstacles

② tell the readers something about fundamental human issues

③ justify the readers' time and effort spent reading them

④ provide a fresh insight into foreign language learning

⑤ stimulate the readers' involvement by providing incentives

30. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Annual Food Consumption by the Average American

(1970-2000)

(Lbs.)                                   201.7 Vegetables

150

126.8 Fruit

100

66.5  Red Meats

64.4  Poultry

50

29.8  Cheese

15.2  Fish

1970        1980        1990        2000 (Year)

The graph above shows the changes in the amount of the consumption of different foods during the period ranging from 1970 to 2000. ⓛThe consumption of vegetables and fruits increased more than 20 percent during the 30 year span. ②The difference between red meats and poultry consumption was minimized in the year 2000. ③The consumption of cheese had increased continuously while that of fish had stayed almost still throughout these three decades. ④No food showed any decrease in the consumption rate during the same period. ⑤The total amount of fruits and vegetables consumed by the average American in the year 2000 exceeded that of all other foods in the same year.

※[31-32] 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.

31. The Whistling Swan is an all-white bird of amazing grace and beauty, except its bill and feet which are black. Its name does not refer to the call of the bird which is a low, melodic sound, but refers to the sound the bird's powerful wings make in flight. The migration of this swan is an incredible 3,725 miles round trip. While these animals flock together during migration, they are solitary nesters, choosing a site near a pond or slow-moving river. An excellent nesting site may be used year after year by the same birds. The female usually lays four to five eggs and incubates them for about a month with some help from the male. After the eggs hatch, both parents tend to the young swans and lead them to food source. Although the young can fly at two to three months of age, they usually stay with the parents through the first winter.

① Whistling Swan의 부리는 하얀색이다.

② Whistling Swan의 이름은 울음소리에서 유래되었다.

③ Whistling Swan은 둥지를 숲에 짓는다.

④ Whistling Swan의 수컷은 새끼를 돌보지 않는다.

⑤ Whistling Swan은 부화 후 2-3달이 지나면 날 수 있다.

32. It is not enough to say, "We must not wage war." It is necessary to love peace and sacrifice for it. We must concentrate not merely on the eradication of war but on the affirmation of peace. A fascinating story about Ulysses and the Sirens is preserved for us in Greek literature. The Sirens had the ability to sing so sweetly that sailors could not resist steering toward their island. Many ships were lured upon the rocks, and men forgot home, duty and honor as they flung themselves into the sea to be embraced by arms that drew them down to death. Ulysses, determined not to succumb to the Sirens, first decided to tie himself tightly to the mast of his boat and his crew stuffed their ears with wax. But finally he and his crew learned a better way to save themselves: They took on board the beautiful singer Orpheus, whose melodies were sweeter than the music of the Sirens. When Orpheus sang, who would bother to listen to the Sirens? So we must see that peace represents a sweeter music, a cosmic melody that is far superior to the discords of war. Somehow we must transform the dynamics of the world power struggle from the nuclear arms race, which no one can win, to a creative contest to harness man's genius for the purpose of making peace and prosperity a reality for all the nations of the world.

① 평화를 위해 노력하는 것보다 전쟁을 억제하는 것이 더 중요하다.

② 사이렌의 유혹에서 벗어나기 위해 선원들은 돛대에 몸을 묶었다.

③ 선원들은 사이렌의 노래보다 달콤한 오르페우스의 노래에 귀를 기울였다.

④ 오르페우스의 노래는 전쟁의 승리를 상징한다.

⑤ 핵무기 경쟁을 피하기 위해 인간의 천재성을 발휘해야 한다.

※[33-34] 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

33. The Pleiades, also known as Messier 45, are among those objects which are known since the earliest times. According to Kenneth Glyn Jones, the earliest known references to this cluster are mentionings by Homer in his Iliad (about 750 B.C.) and his Odyssey (about 720 B.C.). The stars in the Pleiades are thought to have formed together around 100 million years ago, making them 1/50 the age of our sun. Even though they lie some 425 light years away, at least 6 member stars are visible to the naked eye, while under clear dark skies this number jumps up to more than a dozen. Modern observing methods have revealed that at least about 500 mostly faint stars belong to the Pleiades star cluster, spread over a 2 degree (four times the diameter of the Moon) field. Their density is pretty low, compared to other open clusters. This is one reason why the life expectation of the Pleiades cluster is also pretty low.

① Homer는 그의 저서에서 Pleiades에 대해 언급하였다.

② Pleiades는 태양보다 훨씬 오래 전에 생성되었다.

③ Pleiades는 약 425광년 떨어져 있다.

④ Pleiades에는 적어도 약 500개의 별들이 무리를 이루고 있다.

⑤ Pleiades에 속하는 일부의 별은 육안으로 관찰할 수 있다.

34. After I realized the extent to which men work from a base of unacknowledged privilege, I understood that much of their oppressiveness was unconscious. Then I remembered the frequent charges from women of color that white women whom they encounter are oppressive. I began to understand why we are justly seen as oppressive, even when we don't see ourselves that way. I began to count the ways in which I enjoy unearned skin privilege and have been conditioned into oblivion about its existence. My schooling gave me no training in seeing myself as an oppressor, as an unfairly advantaged person, or as a participant in a damaged culture. I was taught to see myself as an individual whose moral state depended on her individual moral will. My schooling followed the pattern my colleague Elisabeth Minnich has pointed out: whites are taught to think of their lives as morally neutral, normative, and average, and also ideal, so that when we work to benefit others, this is seen as work which will allow "them" to be more like "us".

① 화자는 남성들이 대개 무의식적으로 억압자의 역할을 한다고 믿는다.

② 유색인 여성들은 종종 백인여성들이 억압적이라고 비난한다.

③ 학생시절 화자는 백인여성들이 억압적이라고 생각하지 않았다.

④ 화자는 개인의 윤리가 집단윤리에 근거한다고 배웠다.

⑤ 화자는 백인들의 삶이 도덕적으로 중립적이고 이상적이라고 학교에서 배웠다.

35. 이민자들에 대한 필자의 태도로 가장 적절한 것은?

Ten years ago, Jefferson Boulevard in south Dallas was a dying inner-city business district filled with vacant storefronts. Today, there are almost 800 businesses there and on neighboring streets, and about three-quarters of them are owned by Hispanics, many of them first- and second-generation immigrants. "They were hungry enough to start their own businesses," says Leonel Ramos, president of the Jefferson Area Association. And sociologist Kasarda adds, "There is a whole multiplier effect throughout the community." Immigrants provide a hardworking labor force to fill the low-paid jobs that make a modern service economy run. In many cities, industries such as hotels, restaurants, and child care would be hardpressed without immigrant labor.

ⓛ appreciating	② cynical         ③ indifferent

④ arrogant	⑤ shunning

※[36-37] 다음 글에서 전체의 흐름과 관계가 없는 것을 고르시오.

36. On May 18, at 8:32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top, literally. Suddenly, it was 1,300 feet shorter than before. At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale was recorded. ①It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice, mixed with hot rock. ②A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shot horizontally from the volcano's flank, at 200 miles per hour. ③There is no doubt that the activity of Mount St. Helens has influenced our climate. ④As the sliding ice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed all life in their path. ⑤Pulverized rock climbed as a dust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash and gas welled out of the volcano's new crater and cracks in its flanks.

37. Since skeletal remains of Giganotosaurus do not include skin, scientists must theorize as to their coloring. ①They tried to make educated guesses about the dinosaurs' skin colors. ②Since a Giganotosaurus hunted smaller prey, it is likely that the appearance of its skin allowed it to blend into its surroundings for camouflage. ③The Giganotosaurus lived in the grassy wetlands of what is now Argentina, an environment similar to the African savanna. ④It had big teeth which were much larger than those of other dinosaurs eating grass. ⑤Therefore, this dinosaur probably had skin that closely matched the colors of the vegetation around it.

38. 다음 글에서 추론할 수 있는 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

Taking turns attempts to build consensus while recognizing political or social differences, and it encourages everyone to play. The taking-turns approach gives those with the most support more turns, but it also legitimates the outcome from each individual's perspective, including those whose views are shared only by a minority. I do not believe that democracy should encourage rule by the powerful--even a powerful majority. Instead, the idea of democracy promises a fair discussion among self-defined equals about how to achieve our common aspirations. To redeem that promise, we need to put the idea of taking turns at the center of our conception of representation. Particularly as we move into the twenty-first century as a more highly diversified citizenry, it is essential that we consider the ways in which voting and representational systems succeed or fail at encouraging the system in which majority rules but is not tyrannical.

ⓛ The idea of monolithic majority should not be encouraged.

② The majority that rules, but is not overbearing is desirable.

③ The majority should not be shifting, but fixed for effectiveness.

④ The minority will show active participation under the taking turns system.

⑤ Despotism comes not just from kings or lords, but from the majority of people as well.

※[39-40] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

39. In India, the new year celebrations at the end of October focus on no one food but rather a balance of flavors, according to Julie Sahni, author of Classic Indian Cooking. Appam, a traditional cake made with rice flour, coconut, milk, and a kind of palm sap, is served along with a fudge called barifi. Both symbolize the wish for life to be lucky. But Sahni said other dishes, like mulligatawny soup (said to be good for a hangover) and green mango chutney, which is both sweet and hot, are served as well because a new year's feast must include tastes that are at once sweet, savory, sour, and hot. "The idea is to serve something that brings many flavors in your mouth, with the hope that life is going to bring many elements of pleasure and pain and you should take it all in good spirit," Sahni said.

① The Recipe of Traditional Indian Foods

② New Year Ceremonies in India

③ The Relation of Food to Health

④ The Elements of Pleasure and Pain in India

⑤ Food for Luck and Wisdom in India

40. Mr. Halle acknowledged that it was difficult to get people to dig into their pockets to save some of life's more unpleasant varmints. "There are all sorts of species that we have a hard time finding arguments for," he said. "And one of the things that does environmentalists poor credit is to insist overly for any particular individual species. The millions that went into saving the California Condor, for example, as far as I'm concerned could have been better spent." Nevertheless, Mr. Halle said, genetic diversity is important and man ought to think carefully about the wider consequences before allowing any species to be endangered and die out. Everything, no matter how disgusting, is something else's lunch. As Jonathan Swift put it, "a flea hath smaller fleas that on him prey; and these have smaller still to bite them, and so proceed ad infinitum." Thus losing any plant or creature from what used to be called the Great Chain of Being can have all kinds of unforseen effects.

① Various Kinds of Endangered Species

② How to Preserve the California Condor

③ Maintenance of Biological Diversity

④ Problems of Environmentalists' Approach

⑤ How to Save Unpleasant Animals

41. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

The sense of sight has been served and illuminated by the visual arts for as long, almost, as we have been human. For a little over a hundred years, it has also been served by the camera.

(A) Since relatively few of its operators are notably well endowed in any of these respects, save perhaps in technical skill, the results are, generally, disheartening. It is now probably well on the conservative side to estimate that during the past ten to fifteen years, the camera has corrupted thousands of pairs of eyes.

(B) Well used, the camera is unique in its power to develop and to delight our ability to see. Ill or indifferently used, it is unique in its power to defile and destroy that ability. It is clear enough by now to most people that “the camera never lies” is a foolish saying.

(C) Yet it is doubtful whether most people realize how extraordinarily slippery a liar the camera is. The camera is just a machine, which records with impressive and as a rule very cruel faithfulness what is in the eye, mind, spirit, and skill of its operator.

① (A)-(B)-(C)	② (B)-(A)-(C)         ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

※[42-43] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

In the past few decades, the term The Other has become an increasingly common one in discussions about difference, diversity, prejudice, and racism. It is even sometimes used as an odd-sounding verb: You can be "othered"--That is, you can be categorized as "other" than something, which usually means less than that something. Most often, people belonging to minority groups or non-mainstream cultures are "othered" in this way, but the idea can apply to any person or group treated in a way that reflects prejudice or bias. All of us have probably been in circumstances in which we have been The Other, but it's clear that some groups have long been categorized as Other in systematic ways that are damaging and disturbing. It's worth thinking about what this idea of The Other says about how we respond to each other's identities. In discussions of injustices based on such things as race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and culture, this term has acquired a particular kind of meaning. It suggests something more than prejudice. To have prejudice is to dislike or have negative feelings about someone or something; conversely, we can have a prejudice in favor of something--for example, a sports fan can be prejudiced toward a favorite team. But to consider someone as an Other is to place that person in a category that is separate from ourselves and, importantly, somehow __________ ourselves. It is to consider that person’s identity undesirable in some way.

42. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① specific to       ② different from   ③ tantamount to

④ inferior to       ⑤ more than

43. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 타자(Other)라는 용어는 명사뿐 아니라 동사로도 활용될 수 있다.

② 소수집단이나 비주류집단이 종종 타자화의 대상이 된다.

③ 어떤 집단은 체계적인 방식으로 오랜 기간 타자로 분류되었다.

④ 편견을 갖는다는 말은 무엇을 선호하는 경우에도 쓰인다.

⑤ 타자화는 긍정적 또는 부정적 의미로 사용될 수 있다.

※ [44-46] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) Researchers who have spent thousands of hours observing the behavior of bottlenose dolphins off the coast of Australia have discovered that the males form __________ with one another that are far more sophisticated than any seen in animals apart from human beings.

(B) Should the female be so unimpressed as to attempt to flee, the males will chase after her, bite her, slap her with their fins or slam into her with their bodies. The scientists call this effort to control females "herding," but they acknowledge that the word does not convey the aggressiveness of the act.

(C) And after they have succeeded in spiriting a female away, the males remain in their tight-knit group to assure that the female stays in line, performing a series of feats that are spectacular and threatening. Two or three males will surround the female, leaping, bellyflopping, and somersaulting, all in perfect synchrony with one another.

(D) They have found that one team of male dolphins will recruit the help of another team of males to gang up against a third group. According to scientists, this sort of battleplan requires considerable mental calculus to work out. But the purpose of these complex _______________ is not exactly sportive. Males collude with their peers as a way of stealing fertile females from competing dolphin bands.

44. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B)-(C)-(D)	② (C)-(B)-(D)         ③ (C)-(D)-(B)

④ (D)-(B)-(C)	⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

45. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Symbiosis Between Male and Female Dolphins

② Dolphins Display Cunning in Courtship

③ Gender Differences of Dolphins

④ Male Dolphins Threaten Their Female Counterparts

⑤ Spectacular Behaviors of Endangered Species

46. 위 글의 빈 칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① altruistic coalitions	② attractive skills

③ age groups	④ interfering relations

⑤ social alliances

※[47-48] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

Whatever (A)they may be in theory, in the workplace, biological incapacity and natural preference are the counters used to defend against accusations of discrimination. Larry Summers, President of Harvard University, argues that competition makes discrimination irrational; that wouldn’t hold, though, if an entire field is pervaded with discrimination, if there’s a consensus that women don’t belong there and if female candidates are judged more harshly by all potential employers. It also doesn’t work if the threat of competition isn’t so credible; it will be a long time before Ivies* feel the heat from Northwestern, which has improved its profile by hiring the first-rate women (B)they foolishly let go. The history of women and minorities in the workplace shows that vigorous enforcement of antidiscrimination law is what drives progress. Moreover, the competition argument can be turned against Summers; after all, given its prestige and wealth, Harvard could compete for women with any university on the planet. So why doesn’t it?

*Ivies: 미국 동부의 유명 사립대학들

47. 다음 중 필자의 의견으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

① Summers는 여성의 기회 균등을 경쟁이라는 논리로 부정한다.

② Harvard 대학은 여성에게 동등한 기회를 부여하는데 앞장서지 않고 있다.

③ 생물학적 능력의 결핍, 자연적 선호가 모두 여성을 차별하는 수단으로 이용된다.

④ Ivies와 Northwestern대학은 여성에 대해 차별적이다.

⑤ 반차별 정책을 강력하게 적용해야 여성과 소수자의 권리가 신장된다.

48. 위 (A)와 (B)의 they가 각각 가리키는 것은?

(A)                                 (B)

① biological incapacity and natural preference   Ivies and Northwestern

② biological incapacity and natural preference   Ivies

③ counters	Ivies and Northwestern

④ accusations                          Ivies

⑤ accusations                         Ivies and Northwestern

※[49-50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) In their recent report, "One Nation, Many Peoples: A Declaration of Cultural Interdependence," a committee of scholars and teachers recommends that public schools provide a multicultural education. What that means, according to the report, is recognizing that America was shaped and continues to be shaped by people of diverse ethnic backgrounds and its history is an ongoing process of discovery and interpretation of the past, and that there is more than one way of viewing the world.

(B) Several dissenting committee members publicly worry that America will splinter into ethnic fragments if this multicultural curriculum is adopted. They argue that the committee's report puts the focus on ethnicity at the expense of national unity.

(C) In particular, according to the report, the curriculum should help children "to assess critically the reasons for the inconsistencies between the ideals of the U.S. and social realities. It should provide information and intellectual tools that can permit them to contribute to bringing reality closer to the ideals." In other words, show children what really happened, and give them the skills to help improve their country. What could be more patriotic?

(D) Downplaying ethnicity, however, will not bolster national unity. The history of America is the story of how and why people from all over the world came to the United States, and how in struggling to make a better life for themselves, they changed each other, they changed the country, and they all came to call themselves Americans.

(E) Thus, the westward migration of white Americans is not just a heroic settling of an untamed wild, but also the conquest of indigenous peoples. Immigrants were not just white, but Asian as well. Blacks were not merely passive slaves freed by northern whites, but active fighters for their own liberation.

49. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (E) - (C) - (B) - (D)	② (C) - (D) - (E) - (B)

③ (E) - (C) - (D) - (B)	④ (C) - (E) - (B) - (D)

⑤ (B) - (D) - (E) - (C)

50. 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

① 위원회의 모든 구성원들이 다문화교육과정의 도입에 동의했다.

② 미국은 이상과 실제가 일치하는 국가이다.

③ 민족성을 부각시키지 않을 때 비로소 미국의 국가적 통합이 가능하다.

④ 백인의 영웅적인 서부이주와 정착의 이면에는 원주민에 대한 정복이 있었다.

⑤ 흑인노예는 남부 백인에 의해 해방되었을 뿐 아니라 스스로 해방을 위해 싸웠다.

※확인사항

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