2013학년도 경찰대학 1차시험 (외국어영역)

※ 총 10쪽 50문항입니다. 각 문항의 답을 하나만 고르시오.

10 -

※[1-6] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 밑줄 친 단어의 뜻으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

1. Wagner’s The Ring of the Nibelungs is distinctive in that it is almost entirely operatic; also unusual is the fact that the libretti for his operas were written by the composer himself―a task normally reserved for a poet or literary notable.

① retained	② booked          ③ modified

④ substituted	⑤ suspended

2. The original garbage crisis occurred when people first settled down to farm and could no longer leave their campsites after their garbage grew too deep. Since then, every society has had problems with discards that are usually odoriferous.

① harmful	② futile	③ biodegradable

④ invaluable	⑤ stinky

3. Michael was a very capable salesman. He could sell a refrigerator to an Eskimo. However, Michael’s belligerent attitude during team projects had his boss at his wits’ end.

① hostile	② arrogant	③ apathetic

④ gregarious	⑤ unscrupulous

4. The prime minister wants to strengthen the rickety alliance with the United States and stress economic growth over redistribution.

① social	② dominant	③ clandestine

④ sturdy	⑤ precarious

5. The modern version of Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” was met with mixed reviews. One sardonic review of the play called it a “true masterpiece for the uneducated sophist.”

① fallible	② cynical	③ obsequious

④ charismatic	⑤ overindulgent

6. One of your main competitors offers you a lucrative position, more than commensurate with your present duties and at almost double the salary.

① leisurely	② propitious	③ charitable

④ classy                ⑤ well-paying

※[7-8] (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

7. Once hunted for their pelts, beavers are back in demand, not for their bodies but for their minds―specifically, for their engineering skills. As changing climate leaves streams short on water in the summer, researchers are (A)betting/refuting that the industrious rodents could provide a natural solution. Based on a survey of how dams store water, the Lands Council in Washington State predicts that (B)prohibiting/reintroducing beavers to 10,000 miles of suitable habitat in the state could help retain more than 650 trillion gallons of spring runoff, which would slowly be released by the animals’ naturally leaky dams. The council began (C)investigating/terminating the beaver option after learning that the state was considering artificial dam projects that might cost billions of dollars. It argues that beavers can do the job at a small fraction of the expense.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① betting	prohibiting	investigating

② betting	reintroducing	investigating

③ betting	reintroducing	terminating

④ refuting	reintroducing	terminating

⑤ refuting	prohibiting	investigating

8. The need for presidents to travel is (A)obscure/obvious, but it can be asked whether motion is replacing substance. Nixon’s cross-country swing was an engineered spectacle that started with his speech in the Oval Office, sped south to Florida, then on to New Orleans, and came to rest by the Pacific. It was supposed to be a triumphal march from coast to coast, but it failed because it was a hollow concept. Ever since John F. Kennedy, there has been the (B)compulsion/abhorrence to fly off some place. There is something about being at 35,000 feet that increases President’s sense of omnipotence. Kennedy’s spirits lifted when he got on his magic carpet. Even when Nixon is earthbound in California, he often sets out for a spin along the roaring California freeways. The amateur psychologists who travel with Nixon insist that in part he is running from his problems, seeking some (C)vignette/vista where solutions will appear. They may never do.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① obscure	compulsion	vista

② obscure	abhorrence	vignette

③ obvious	compulsion	vista

④ obvious	abhorrence	vista

⑤ obvious	compulsion	vignette

※[9-10] 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

9. The buyers and sellers at the happiness-market seem too often to have lost their sense of the pleasure of difficulty. Heaven knows what they are playing, but it seems a ①dull game. And the Indian holy man, whose idea of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself, seems boring to us, I suppose, because he seems to be refusing to play anything at all. The Western weakness may be in the ②illusion that happiness can be bought. Perhaps the Eastern weakness is in the idea that there is such a thing as perfect (and therefore static) happiness. Happiness is never more than ③partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the ④acceptance of happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the ⑤cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming.

10. The world does not much like curiosity. The world says that curiosity killed the cat. The world dismisses curiosity by calling it idle, or mere idle curiosity―even though curious persons are ①seldom idle. Parents do their best to ②foster curiosity in their children, because it makes life difficult to be faced every day with a string of unanswerable questions about what makes fire hot or why grass grows. They have to ③halt junior’s investigations before they end in explosion and sudden death. Children whose curiosity survives parental ④discipline and who manage to grow up before they blow up are invited to join the college faculty. Within the university they go on asking their questions and trying to find the answers. In the eyes of a scholar, that is mainly what a university is for. It is a place where the world’s hostility to curiosity can be ⑤defied.

※[11-14] 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

11. Julie’s main goals for freshmen year were to do well academically and to figure out ①about what kind of engineering she’d major in. But she knew that engineering was tough and that to do well, she’d have to shorten the long list of extracurricular activities she’d participated in for the past ②few years. She’d been a cheerleader and a member of the student government through high school. She’d taken piano lessons and she’d spent the past year as Elkhart’s Junior Miss, ③which had earned her a college scholarship. That’s not to say Julie wanted to bury her face in her books for the next four years. She did want to make time ④to swim and do aerobics for exercise. She knew she’d check out the Purdue social scene, especially weekend fraternity parties. And then there was her boyfriend. “I know I’ll go out ⑤whenever I feel like it,” she said. “But homework will be my priority.”

12. The chickens that saved Western civilization were discovered, according to legend, by the side of a road in Greece in the first decade of the fifth century B.C. The Athenian general Themistocles, on his way to confront the invading Persian forces, stopped ①to watch two cocks fighting. He summoned his troops, saying: “Behold, these do not fight for their household gods, for the monuments of their ancestors, for glory, for liberty or the safety of their children, but only because one will not give way to ②another.” The tale does not describe what happened to the loser, nor ③does it explain why the soldiers found this display of instinctive aggression inspirational rather than pointless and depressing. But history records that the Greeks, thus heartened, went on to repel the invaders, ④preserving the civilization that today honors those same creatures by breading, frying, and dipping them into one’s choice of sauce. The descendants of those roosters might well think―if they ⑤were capable of such profound thought―that their ancient forebears have a lot to answer for.

13. Some people today think of work ①as a four-letter word. But when I was an undergraduate during the Depression, work was a very popular word. Those who had it gloried in it, and those who did not ②speak of it with longing. After I completed my university years in Canada I went to Oxford, and there I found a different state of affairs. Work was not mentioned. Sometimes students would leave a party ③saying, “Well, I have to be getting along now.” Everybody knew they were sneaking away to work, but we were all too polite to mention it. Professors were never seen ④to work. Part of the charm of Oxford was that nobody seemed to work at all. There was an Oxford secret, however, which I soon uncovered: everybody worked like hell, but they thought it bad form ⑤to admit any such thing. One was supposed to take in one’s learning from the air.

14. At least 20 million people have worked in a McDonald’s since Ray Kroc opened his first McDonald’s hamburger stand 40 years ago. Behind that number ①is several corporate strategies including using armies of part-time workers. In addition, ②hourly pay for McDonald’s crew members is typically only a bit higher than the $5.25 minimum wage, and fringe benefits are meager. Employees leave ③so frequently that this year McDonald’s and its franchisees, which employ more than 500,000 workers in the United States and Canada, will have to hire well over that number of new employees to ④stay fully staffed. But there is an upside to this upheaval. The fast-food chains have been forced to concentrate more than other businesses on training programs with an eye toward ⑤adapting large numbers of raw recruits.

15. 밑줄 친 It[it]이 가리키는 대상이 다른 것은?

Many of us have an item of endearment that we cannot dare part with. Perhaps ①it is an old tattered T-shirt with an autograph from your favorite movie star. ②It could also be a lucky pen that is out of ink, but has been your trusty sidekick through countless exams. For others, ③it may be a tarnished silver ring that has long lost its shine. Although the ring no longer serves its purpose as an item of adornment, ④it can conjure up a memory of a loved one, such as a grandmother who passed away. Whatever the item, the real reason for keeping it is not for its face value, but because ⑤it represents part of our past, a memory we hold dear to our hearts.

16. 밑줄 친 This[this]가 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

This not only affects expectations for success or failure; it also influences motivation through goal setting. If we have a high sense of this in a given area such as foreign language learning, we will set higher goals, be less afraid of failure, and persist longer when we encounter difficulties. If our sense of this is low, however, we may avoid a task altogether or give up easily when problems arise. This also seems to be related to attributions. People with a strong sense of this for a given task attribute their failures to lack of effort. But people with a low sense of this tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability. You can see that motivation would be destroyed when failures were attributed to lack of ability.

① self-efficacy	② proportion       ③ empathy

④ self-consciousness	⑤ interest

17. Hollywood sign에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

The Hollywood sign in the hills that line the northern border of Los Angeles is a famous landmark recognized the world over. The white-painted, 50-foot-high sheet metal letters can be seen from great distances across the Los Angeles basin. The sign was not constructed, as one might suppose, by the movie business as a means of celebrating the importance of Hollywood to this industry; instead, it was first constructed in 1923 as a means of advertising homes for sale in a 500-acre housing subdivision in a part of Los Angeles called “Hollywoodland.” The sign that was constructed at the time, of course, said “Hollywoodland.” Over the years, people began referring to the area by the shortened version “Hollywood,” and after the sign and its site were donated to Los Angeles in 1945, the last four letters were removed. The sign suffered from years of disrepair, and in 1973 it was completely replaced, at a cost of $27,000 per letter. Various celebrities including Alice Cooper were instrumental in helping to raise needed funds.

① Los Angeles 북쪽 경계인 평야지대에 있다.

② Hollywood의 영화 산업을 홍보하기 위해 제작되었다.

③ 1945년에 부지와 함께 Hollywoodland에 기부되었다.

④ 1973년에 총 $27,000의 비용을 들여 교체되었다.

⑤ 유명 인사들이 교체 비용을 모금하는 데에 기여했다.

※[18-19] 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

18. India is part of the Asian subcontinent and is home to over 1 billion people. Only China has a larger population. A little over half of India’s land is suited to agriculture, but about 65 percent of Indians are farmers or farm laborers. They raise rice, wheat, cotton, cattle, sheep and water buffalo. To increase output, the government instituted irrigation and land reclamation projects. Newer types of crops and fertilizers have also been tried. India is one of the nations benefiting from the Green Revolution. Unfortunately, India‘s initial high hopes for the Green Revolution have proven to be illusory because of the high costs for the seeds and fertilizer and the environmental issues arising from the massive use of pesticides.

① India의 인구는 10억이 넘는다.

② India에서 농업에 적합한 토지는 전 국토의 절반을 조금 넘는다.

③ India의 농부들은 물소를 숭배한다.

④ India 정부는 관개 사업과 토지 개간 사업을 실시했다.

⑤ Green Revolution에 대한 India의 기대치가 처음에는 높았다.

19. Thoreau noted that “many a traveler came out of his way to see me,” including his friends, schoolchildren, aimless tourists, and the down and out from local almshouses who were far more interesting than some of his more affluent drop-ins. Thoreau had no tolerance for babble but was responsive to children who brought him flowers, weeds, and dead animals. On the whole, they entertained themselves, unlike some of his adult “unreckoned guests.” Some of the more shameless, Thoreau suspected, came when he was out walking in the woods and rooted through his drawers and cabinets. Most of the guests came from nearby Concord and Lincoln, or from Boston. “Girls and boys and young women generally seemed glad to be here in the woods,” Thoreau wrote. “They looked in the pond and at the flowers, and improved their time. Men of business, even farmers, thought only of solitude and employment, and of the great distance at which I dwelt from something or other; and though they said they loved a ramble in the woods occasionally, it was evident that they did not.”

① Thoreau의 방문객 중에는 부유층뿐만 아니라 빈민층도 있었다.

② Thoreau는 죽은 동물을 가져오는 어린이들에게 화를 내기도 했다.

③ Thoreau는 일부 방문객들이 그의 서랍을 뒤진다고 의심했다.

④ Thoreau를 찾는 대부분의 방문객은 Concord, Lincoln, Boston에서 왔다.

⑤ Thoreau는 사업가나 농부가 숲속 산책을 즐기지 않는다고 생각했다.

※[20-25] 다음 글을 읽고, 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

20. If forgiveness feels so good, why do so many people lug around so much resentment? One reason is that it may compensate for the __________ they experienced when they were hurt. “People may feel more in charge when they’re filled with anger,” points out Mart Grunte, author of How to Forgive When You Don’t Know How. “But forgiving instills a much greater sense of power. When you forgive, you reclaim your power to choose. It doesn’t matter whether someone deserves forgiveness; you deserve to be free.”

① vengefulness    ② unforgetfulness    ③ powerlessness

④ indebtedness    ⑤ guiltlessness

21. A train ticket buys a front-row seat to the greatest show on earth: the human condition. Without suffering jet lag or driver fatigue, the passenger is a privileged pilgrim upon whom no demands are made and for whom time is suspended for a while in the rocking of the rail car. He is a witness to life, which passes in vivid pictures outside the window; he glides through the small moments that make a day. Backyards, beautiful trees, city squares―nothing __________. If he chooses, he can step down at any stop along the way to enter what he is observing. There is no adventure quite like that promised by arriving in the middle of the night at a brightly lit station in a foreign country, where a customs officer is smoking a cigarette and a wagon stacked with milk cans rolls by.

① hurts scenic beauty      ② adds to driver fatigue

③ reminds him of the past ④ improves quality amenities

⑤ escapes the view

22. “At least 80 percent of our statues and sculptures are in bad shape from assaults ranging from acid rain to mechanical damage,” said the director of conservation at the Culture Ministry. “Our roads were planned for horse carriages and now we have cars backing into statues.” The Culture Ministry has increased the money for restoration in the belief that better-kept statues will reap an economic return from visitors. For Mr. Branda and his fellow restorers, however, the work is __________ than a passion to preserve the soul of the city. Sometimes the passion led them to go to extraordinary lengths. Many nights past midnight Mr. Branda and his colleagues clambered onto the windswept roof of St. Salvator Church at the foot of Charles Bridge to wrap and tie up seven 17th-century stone statues of the disciples. In the dark, a crane then plucked the statues for safekeeping and repair in a workshop.

① more repairs for making money

② less a desire to become famous

③ more research on architecture

④ less cosmetics for tourists

⑤ less a labor of love

23. Ben Jonson, a well-known playwright and seventeenth-century contemporary of John Donne, wrote that while “the first poet in the world in some things,” Donne nevertheless “for not keeping of an accent, deserved hanging.” Donne’s generation admired the depth of his feeling, but was puzzled by his often irregular rhythm and obscure references. It was not until the twentieth century and modern movements that celebrated emotion and allusion that __________. Writers such as T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats admired the psychological intricacies of a poet who could one moment flaunt his earthly dalliances with his mistress and the next, wretched, implore God to “bend your force, to break, blow, burn, and make me new.”

① Donne really began to be appreciated

② the forgotten works of Donne were rewritten

③ Jonson admitted that he had misjudged Donne

④ Donne’s unclear references became more obscure

⑤ rhythm in poetry became more commonly practiced

24. One may ask: Why does the great fame of classical authors continue? The answer is that the fame of classical authors is entirely independent of the majority. Do you suppose that if the fame of Shakespeare depended on the man in the street, it would survive a fortnight? The fame of classical authors is originally made, and it is maintained, by a passionate few. Even when a first-class author has enjoyed immense success during his lifetime, the majority have never appreciated him so sincerely as they have appreciated second-rate men. He has always been __________. And in the case of an author who has emerged into glory after his death, the happy sequel has been due to the obstinate perseverance of the few.

① made equal to less-able authors by the elite reader

② indebted to the man in the street for his fame

③ reinforced by the ardour of the passionate few

④ distinguished naturally from second-rate men

⑤ inspired by the immense admiration from the public

25. If you could take a picture of the soul, it might look something like the black and white photos of certain slaves and soldiers during the Civil War. They are men and women who didn’t have time to look at themselves or worry about their appearance, and it shows. Their faces transmit their passions and experiences and never betray their character. One photo shows a large man with a hard stare and a spiky beard that conveys fierceness. In another, a mother’s wisdom can be seen in the dark circles under her eyes. A child’s skepticism is visible in his small, taut mouth. Somehow, their situations allowed their spirits to develop in their faces, __________.

① mirroring one another’s agony and despair

② complemented by their warm souls

③ forever seeking an inner peace

④ unlike in the bodies of modern men

⑤ untainted by luxury and self-examination

※[26-27] 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

26. In the last movie you saw, did you notice the soda the hero was drinking? How about the car the female star was driving? Actors in TV shows and in movies have always drunk sodas and driven cars, but now the name on the soda can and the emblem on the car are more (A)__________. Advertisers have figured out that they can get exposure for their products by having them featured on TV and in movies. Movie studios have figured out that they can be paid for these so-called “embeds.” So what? The next time you order soda X over Y, think about whether the last movie you saw featured X or Y. Have you been (B)__________ by an advertiser and a movie producer?

(A)	(B)

① covert	dissuaded

② covert	tricked

③ subliminal	manipulated

④ prominent	dissuaded

⑤ prominent	manipulated

27. Chain reactions are occurring all the time on Earth. Chain reactions occur in chemical plants when a single excited molecule prompts its neighbors into a cascade of combination to create plastics. (A)__________, they are commonplace in nuclear reactors, where a speeding subatomic particle slams into a heavy atom and splits it apart, releasing more particles that repeat and amplify the process in bursts of energy. Now, experts say, a dangerous new kind of chain reaction is getting under way in space, where it threatens to limit mankind’s endeavors beyond the planet. (B)__________, it could put billions of dollars worth of advanced communications and weather satellites at risk of destruction. The problem is that some orbits near Earth have become junkyards of dead and active satellites, spent rocket stages and billions of bits of whirling debris.

(A)	(B)

① In consequence	However

② In addition	However

③ By contrast	For instance

④ In addition	For instance

⑤ By contrast	Unfortunately

※[28-30] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

28. The amount of sunshine that reaches the Earth dropped by 10 percent between the early 1950s and the early 1990s. Scientists have found that the problem is not the sun. No instruments have recorded any dimming of the sun’s rays. The problem appears to be between the Earth and the Sun. Pollution has gotten in the way. Particulates in pollution reflect sun back into outer space. Pollution also causes increased condensation in the air. This condensation forms thicker, darker clouds. To verify their theory, scientists point to areas with little or no pollution. Instruments in those places have shown sunshine as bright as ever.

① Let’s Give the Sun a Vacation

② Sunshine: The More the Better

③ Pollution: An Unnatural Sunshade

④ How Can We Stop the Sun’s Dimming?

⑤ Look for a Silver Lining in Every Cloud

29. Walter Benjamin identifies traditional storytelling not only with the traveller, who returns from his wanderings with something to tell, but also with the preserver of local traditions, rooted in his native place. In the Middle Ages, these two types of storytelling interpenetrated because of the craft structure, whereby the resident master craftsman and the travelling journeyman came together in the workplace. But through the workings of “the secular productive forces of history,” narrative has been taken from the realm of living speech. What stands in opposition to storytelling, what is in the process of replacing it entirely, is of course the novel, inseparably linked to the invention of printing and the notion of the book. The novelist is necessarily isolated, invisible, a hidden god who does not have the capacity to enter into colloquy with his fellow man, and thus cannot communicate that wisdom that is good counsel.

① Two Times, One Narrative

② Storytelling: Living Speech vs Dead Letters

③ A Solitary Hero in the Modern Narrative

④ The Decline of Storytelling, the Rise of the Novel

⑤ Craftsman and Journeyman: Two Sides of the Coin

30. Modern psychology has been called “the science of the behavior of the college sophomore.” During the 1960s and 1970s, several psychologists analyzed four journals in the field and found that 58 percent to 96 percent of the articles were based on studies with college students. More recently, I analyzed the articles in two of those journals in 1991 and found that 77 percent reported on research done with college students. Melvin Manis, a University of Michigan psychologist, who is also an editor of one of the journals studied, explains that convenience dictates the choice of subjects in other fields as well. “There’s very little genetic research going on with elephants,” he says. “Most of it is done with fruit flies, not only because they have short life spans but because they’re much cheaper.” That’s fine if elephants and fruit flies have comparable genetic mechanisms. But do college students think, behave, and feel as their non-college peers do? Or, for that matter, as older adults do? The answer to both questions is “no.”

① College Students: Now and Then

② Genetic Research: Smaller is Better?

③ Sampling Error in the Study of Psychology

④ College Students in Psychology: Too Many?

⑤ Thought Patterns of College Students and Older Adults

※[31-32] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

31. There is consideration to which some advocates of freedom attach too little importance. In a community of children which is left without adult interference there is a tyranny of the stronger, which is likely to be far more brutal than most adult tyrannies. If two children, two or three years old, are left to play together, they will, after a few fights, discover which is bound to be the victor, and the other will then become a slave. Where the number of children is larger, one or two acquire complete mastery, and the others have far less liberty than they would have if the adults interfered to protect the weaker and less pugnacious. Consideration for others does not, with most children, arise spontaneously, but has to be taught, and can hardly be taught except by the exercise of authority. This is perhaps the most important argument against the abdication of the adults.

① the importance of freedom in child care

② understanding children’s behaviors in various learning contexts

③ the relation of victors to slaves in a community of children

④ the necessity for adult interference in child care

⑤ various factors affecting children’s leadership

32. The place of secondhand smoke in causing disease has been under study for years. A mid-sized city in a western state unexpectedly added to the data. Smoking in public and in workplaces was banned and six months later the ban was lifted. During the time that smoking was prohibited in public places, the rate of hospital admissions for heart attacks was 24. During the typical six-month period, the rate is 40 admissions. The researchers believed that the drop was evidence of the negative effects of secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke contributes to heart attacks by elevating heart rate and decreasing the ability of blood vessels to dilate.

① effects of smoking in the workplace

② causes of heart attacks in mid-sized cities

③ the importance of a stress-free working environment

④ the relationship of secondhand smoke and heart attacks

⑤ the necessity of banning smoking in public and workplaces

33. 다음 글의 주장으로 가장 적절한 것은?

If there is a garbage crisis, it is that we are treating garbage as an environmental threat and not as what it is: a manageable―though admittedly complex―civic issue. Although many old urban landfills are reaching their capacity, the reality is that there is―and always will be―plenty of room in this country for safe landfill. We’ve chosen to look at garbage not as a management issue, however, but as a moral crisis. The result is that recycling is now seen as an irreproachable virtue, beyond the scrutiny of cost-benefit analysis. But in the real world, the money municipalities spend on recycling is money that can’t be spent on schools, libraries, health clinics, and police. In the real world, the sort of gigantic recycling programs that many cities and towns have embarked upon may not be the best use of scarce government funds.

① 쓰레기 매립지의 확대는 바람직하지 않다.

② 쓰레기 재활용은 도덕적 관점에서 접근해야 한다.

③ 쓰레기 재활용에는 충분한 사전 홍보가 선행되어야 한다.

④ 쓰레기 재활용에 쓰이는 과다한 정부 기금은 재고되어야 한다.

⑤ 쓰레기 재활용 프로그램은 공공기관부터 참여해야 한다.

34. 다음 글의 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?

The sun was just far enough in the west to send inviting shadows. In the center of a small field, and in the shade of a haystack which was there, a girl lay sleeping. She had slept long and soundly when she was awoken by a gentle breeze. She opened her eyes and stared a moment up in the sky of blue and white. She yawned and stretched her long brown legs and arms, lazily. Then she arose, never minding the bits of straw that clung to her black hair, to her red sweater, and to the blue cotton skirt that did not reach her ankles. The girl absentmindedly watched a cloud that floated lazily overhead, trying to decide what kind of animal it most looked like.

① calm and relaxing	② lively and exciting

③ funny and amusing	④ sad and frightening

⑤ urgent and desperate

※[35-36] 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장을 고르시오.

35. Some of the men working nearby would watch me and laugh. ①Two or three of the older men took the trouble to teach me the right way to shovel. “You’re doing it wrong,” one man scolded. ②Beginning around seven each morning, I would feel my body resist the first thrust of the shovel. “Don’t make your back do so much work,” he instructed. ③I stood impatiently listening, vaguely watching, then noticed his work-thickened fingers clutching the shovel. I was annoyed and wanted to tell him that I enjoyed shoveling the wrong way. I was about to, but, as it turned out, I didn’t say a thing. ④Rather it was at that moment I realized that I was fooling myself if I expected a few weeks of labor to gain me admission to the world of laborer. I would not learn in three months what my parents had meant by “real work.” For me the sensations of exertion and fatigue could be savored. ⑤For my parents, working at comparable jobs when they were my age, such sensations were to be feared. Fatigue took a different toll on their bodies and minds.

36. “What is your blood type?” is an unusual question from the Western point of view. From the Korean and Japanese perspective, such a question is quite normal. ①People of these cultures believe that specific personality traits are related to blood type. ②These days, however, more and more Westerners are buying into the idea of a connection between these two seemingly distinct features. ③This belief is very similar to Western notions of astrology and signs of the zodiac. ④Most Westerners are surprised by such a question because they are unaware of the concept of a relationship between blood type and personality. ⑤In fact, many Westerners do not even know their own blood type.

37. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

If, instead, an enlightened course is pursued, allowing workers to benefit from increases in productivity with shorter workweeks and adequate income, more leisure time will exist than in any other period of modern history.

In the future, a growing number of people around the world will be spending less time on the job and have more time on their hands. ( ① ) Whether their “free” time will be coerced, involuntary, and the result of forced part-time work, layoffs, and unemployment, or leisure made possible by productivity gains, shorter workweeks, and better income remains to be worked out in the political arena. ( ② ) If massive unemployment of a kind unknown in history were to occur as a result of the sweeping replacement of machines for human labor, then the chances of developing a compassionate and caring society are unlikely. ( ③ ) The more likely course would be widespread social upheaval, violence on an unprecedented scale, and open warfare, with the poor lashing out at each other as well as at the rich elites who control the global economy. ( ④ ) That free time could be used to renew the bonds of community and rejuvenate the democratic legacy. ( ⑤ ) A new generation might transcend the narrow limits of nationalism and begin to think and act as common members of the human race, with shared commitments to each other, the community, and the larger biosphere.

38. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 나타낼 때, 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Perhaps you are one of millions of people who depend on the television to keep you company, or you may have caught yourself actually talking to your computer. But all of your relationships with machines may not be love relationships. You may also hate certain machines―the computer that has a mind of its own, the car that won’t start, the toaster that always burns your toast, the vending machine that robs you of your money. Although machines are usually designed to make your life easier, they may also, on occasion, make your life frustrating if not miserable. Machines certainly contribute to much that is bad in our lives: Guns contribute to the high crime rate; automobiles increase air pollution and cause accidents; and machines in general often put people out of work. Yet no one is eager to do without machines. Having become used to them, to the convenience and entertainment and stimulation they provide, people cannot imagine a life in which machines do not play a major role.

Machines may sometimes be troublesome, frustrating, and even (A)__________; once accustomed to the advantages they provide, however, you would feel that they are almost (B)__________ to your daily life.

(A)	(B)

① addictive	superfluous

② disappointing	inessential

③ harmful	superfluous

④ addictive	indispensable

⑤ harmful	indispensable

39. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Logic promotes truth; yet we can go far in logic without knowing or caring much whether a particular statement is true or false, in the ordinary acceptation of those words. By true in ordinary speech we mean true to fact, and by false we mean the opposite. Now a statement, true to fact, may in its context infringe a rule of logic; and a statement, false in fact, may in its context conform to the rules of logic.

(A) The logician, as such, is not directly concerned with fact, but is much more concerned with the observance of the rules of logic, and therefore he uses a pair of technical terms, valid and invalid, to express, respectively, what conforms to the rules of logic and what does not conform thereto.

(B) A valid passport may make mistakes in fact, but if duly signed and not out of date, it may do its work and get you through the barrier. On the other hand, it may give the color of the eyes and all the other facts correctly, but if it is out of date, it will not do its work; it is invalid.

(C) By the aid of these terms he can set out the rules of reasoning without committing himself as to whether a particular statement is true to fact, or not. Valid comes from the Latin, validus, or strong.

① (A)-(B)-(C)	② (A)-(C)-(B)       ③ (B)-(A)-(C)

④ (B)-(C)-(A)	⑤ (C)-(A)-(B)

※[40-41] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

This much is known. Neuron No. 28, say, fires an electrical signal, and in the synapse where one of 28’s connectors touches a receiver of neuron No. 29, a chemical change triggers an electrical signal in 29. That signal gets passed on to neuron No. 30, and on and on. If the connection between 28 and 29 is made often enough, the bond between the two neurons grows stronger. This crucial marriage seems to be the stuff that memory is made of. Unlike cells elsewhere in the body, neurons don’t divide. By the time someone reaches 65 or 70, neuron No. 28 and some of its neighbors may be dead, or so feeble they no longer transmit electrical charges efficiently.

Still, there are billions more neurons remaining. And even though the brain cannot grow new ones, the neurons can probably sprout new synapses and thereby form new connections with one another. A researcher supplied certain lab rats with new toys daily and changed the chutes and tunnels in their cages. When he cut open their brains, he counted many more synapses than in rats that got no toys and no new decor. It’s a good guess that the human brain, too, grows more synapses when stimulated and challenged. So the brain―even while shrinking―may be able to blaze ever more trails for laying down memory. If neuron No. 28’s path is no longer easily passable, __________. The trick is to force the brain to make them.

*synapse: 신경세포의 자극 전달부

40. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

① the vital role of neurons in creating new memory

② the mechanism of neurons for overcoming weakening memory

③ the similarity in memory function between human and rat brains

④ the function of brain cells in triggering and transmitting  electrical signals

⑤ the brain cell’s demand of stimulation and challenge for its reproduction

41. 위 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① the number of alternate routes may be virtually limitless

② the memory functions in one’s brain stop temporarily

③ the neuron can probably make its channel even stronger

④ the brain still tries to bring it back to life by lengthening it

⑤ the brain creates new neurons to deliver electrical signals

※[42-44] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) When ordinary young adults realize how little they learned in school, they usually assume there was something wrong with the school they attended or with the way they spent their time there. But the fact is that the best possible graduate of the best possible school needs to continue learning in the days to come.

(B) However, never just read, for reading without discussion with others who have read the same book is not nearly as profitable. And as reading without discussion can fail to yield the full measure of understanding that should be sought, so discussion without the substance that good and great books afford is likely to degenerate into little more than an exchange of __________.

(C) How should they go about doing this? In a book published last year, I tried to answer the question, “How should persons proceed who wish to conduct for themselves the continuation of learning after all schooling has been finished?” The brief and simple answer to this crucial question is: Read and discuss.

(D) Those who take this prescription seriously would, of course, be better off if their schooling had given them the intellectual discipline and skill they need to carry it out. But even the individual who is fortunate enough to leave school or college after extensive reading followed by insightful discussions, would still have a long road to travel before he or she became an educated person.

42. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B)-(D)-(C)	② (C)-(B)-(D)	③ (C)-(D)-(B)

④ (D)-(B)-(C)	⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

43. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

① the importance of reading and discussion in continuing learning

② the contribution of schooling to lifelong education

③ problems of schooling for young adults

④ the necessity for extensive reading for young adults

⑤ factors affecting reading and discussion throughout schooling

44. 위 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① critical questions	② profound schooling

③ superficial opinions	④ insightful understanding

⑤ intellectual discipline

※[45-47] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) It happened one day that a fisherman putting out to sea in a boat was just about to cast a net, when right in front of him he saw a man on the point of drowning. Being a stout-hearted and at the same time an agile man, he jumped up and, seizing a boathook, thrust it toward the man’s face. It caught him right in the eye and pierced it. The fisherman hauled the man into the boat and made for shore without casting any of his nets. He had the man carried to his house and given the best possible attention and treatment, until he had got over his ordeal.

(B) The other promptly spoke up and said, “Gentlemen, I cannot deny that I knocked his eye out, but if what I did was wrong, I’d like to explain how it all happened. This man was in mortal danger in the sea, in fact he was on the point of drowning. I went to his aid. I won’t deny I struck him with my boathook, but I did it for his own good. I saved his life on that occasion. I don’t know what more I can say. For God’s sake, give me justice!”

(C) The court was quite at a loss when it came to deciding the rights of the case, but a fool who was present at the time said to them, “Why this hesitation? Let the first speaker be thrown back into the sea on the spot where the other man hit him in the face, and if he can get out again, the defendant shall compensate him for the loss of his eye. That I think, is a fair judgment.” Then they all cried out as one man, “You’re absolutely right! That’s exactly what we’ll do!” Judgment was then pronounced to that effect. When the man heard that he was to be thrown back into the sea, just where he had endured all that cold water before, he wouldn’t have gone back there for all the world. He released the goodman from any liability, and his earlier attitude came in for much criticism.

(D) For a long time, that man thought about the loss of his eye, considering it a great misfortune. “That wretched fellow put my eye out, but I didn’t do him any harm. I’ll go and lodge a complaint against him―why, I’ll make things really hot for him.” Accordingly he went and complained to the magistrate, who fixed a day for the hearing. They both waited till the day came round, and then went to the court. The one who had lost an eye spoke first, as was appropriate. “Gentlemen,” he said, “I’m bringing a complaint against this worthy, who, only the other day, savagely struck me with a boathook and knocked my eye out. Now, I’m handicapped. Give me justice, that’s all I ask. I’ve nothing more to say.”

45. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B)-(D)-(C)	② (C)-(B)-(D)	③ (C)-(D)-(B)

④ (D)-(B)-(C)	⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

46. 위 글이 시사하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

① It’s All Water under the Bridge.

② Don’t Bite the Hand That Feeds You.

③ Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder.

④ You Can’t Judge a Book by Its Cover.

⑤ The Grass is Always Greener on the Other Side.

47. 밑줄 친 as one man이 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① uniquely	② humanely

③ unanimously	④ as he believed

⑤ one after another

※[48-50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

I am not by nature a country person. But once, long ago, the country was forced upon me. It was 1942, and we were evacuated to a farmhouse about 15 miles out of Cardiff, my home town. We’d watch the bombers comb the country sky on their way to Cardiff docks. We stuck it out in that farmhouse for almost six months and during that time I underwent a radical change. It all started one morning when I was leaving for school. My mother was standing at the window, watching a lone cow ambling across a distant field. “I wonder where that cow is going,” she said, “and when it will get there.” My mother was a woman with a practical head on her shoulders, and I thought for a frightening moment that the countryside had finally sent her round the bend.

That morning I did miss the train for school, because I dawdled on my way to the station. My mother’s wonderings had unnerved me. I caught a later train. But all day I couldn’t concentrate, and after school, on my way back from the station, I found myself studying the hedgerow flowers and finding pleasure in their discovery. When I got home to the farm, I said, “I saw some pretty flowers in the hedges today. I wish I knew their names.”

Thereafter we took walks every day, my mother and I. At first we said little to each other, as was our wont in the city. Because city subjects―homework neglected, drawers untidied, piano unpractised―were beyond discussion, best covered with (A)__________. As the days passed, we identified each hedgerow flower. We also watched birds and savoured their newly discovered names. Moreover, at night when the bombers had quit the skies, we looked at the stars and whispered, Orion, the Plough and the Bear.

When we returned to Cardiff, we slipped back into our urban (B)__________, into the sham priorities of exams and tidy drawers. But often we would smile at each other as we recalled that rural magic, that sane wand that tapped everything into its right and proper place. And even now, so many years later, and urban-riddled, I can still watch a dog wandering in a crowded street, and wonder where it is going.

*round the bend: 정신이 나간

48. 위 글의 ‘I’에 관한 내용과 일치하는 것은?

① 전쟁 때문에 Cardiff에서 15마일 떨어진 농장을 비우고 떠났다.

② 어머니는 원래 감성적인 성격의 소유자였다.

③ hedgerow flowers를 본 이후 어머니와 함께 산책을 매일 했다.

④ 시골생활 중에 꽃, 새, 별들의 이름을 새로 지어주었다.

⑤ 도시로 돌아와서는 시골생활을 회상할 겨를이 없었다.

49. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Disenchanted from the Rural Beauty

② A Dangerous Pastime Amidst the War

③ Rural Magic: Opening Our Eyes to a New World

④ An Unexpected Exodus from Rural Imprisonment

⑤ Surviving the War: The Unwithering Hedgerow Flower

50. 위 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① eloquence	② rush

③ melody	④ riddle

⑤ silence

※확인사항

▷ 답안지의 해당란에 필요한 내용을 정확히 기입․표기 했는지 확인하시오.